Family violence, which includes physical, emotional, and psychological abuse, presents considerable risks during pregnancy and the perinatal period. Individuals who are already vulnerable due to pre-existing mental health issues or difficult life circumstances are especially at risk. The perinatal period, defined as the time during pregnancy and up to a year after childbirth, is critical for both the parent and child’s well-being. Family violence during this time can significantly worsen existing mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder creating a compounded effect that can be challenging to navigate.

Physical abuse, such as assault can cause immediate injury, while emotional or psychological abuse, including constant criticism, threats, or isolation, can erode self-esteem, leading to long-term mental health consequences. Financial abuse, such as controlling access to resources, adds a layer of anxiety and stress, leaving individuals financially dependent and vulnerable. The impact of these abuses intensifies stress, isolation, and feelings of helplessness, which contribute to worsened mental health outcomes during the perinatal period.

The intersection of perinatal mental health and family violence is a complex and urgent issue. Victims are at increased risk of developing severe mental health disorders during pregnancy and after childbirth. This heightened vulnerability can also impair their ability to form a healthy bond with their baby, which in turn negatively impacts the child's emotional and developmental growth, creating a cyclical pattern of trauma that can span generations.

Barriers such as fear of further violence, stigma, and lack of social support often prevent individuals from seeking help. To address these challenges, a multifaceted approach is necessary. Healthcare providers must screen for both mental health concerns and signs of family violence. Integrating mental health services with domestic violence support systems, offering trauma-informed care, and implementing early intervention strategies can help break the cycle of abuse.